Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Dekontaminasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dari Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta

Fitri Nur Afifah, Endah Retnaningrum

Abstract


ABSTRAK

 

Pengelolaan sampah secara open dumping dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah air lindi, yang dihasilkan dari dekomposisi sampah akibat terjadinya presipitasi air hujan ke dalam sampah. Air lindi dapat mengandung zat berbahaya seperti logam berat, salah satunya timbal (Pb), yang bersifat karsinogenik serta dapat mencemari udara, air, tanah, tumbuhan, dan hewan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengelolaan lindi dengan metode yang tepat agar tidak mencemari lingkungan, salah satunya menggunakan bioremediasi dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme indigenous dari tempat asal polutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri indigenous yang mempunyai kemampuan dekontaminasi timbal (Pb) dari TPST Piyungan. Bakteri diisolasi dari air lindi menggunakan medium nutrient broth dan nutrien agar yang telah ditambahkan timbal dari Pb(NO3)2. Isolat yang didapatkan kemudian dilakukan seleksi dan skrining untuk mendapatkan beberapa isolat terbaik yang resisten timbal. Daya penurunan konsentrasi timbal diukur menggunakan Atomatic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Isolat bakteri juga diidentifikasi karakter fenotopik berupa morfologi sel, morfologi koloni, dan sifat fisiologisnya untuk menentukan jenis bakteri yang diteliti. Berdasarkan proses isolasi dan skrining, didapatkan tiga isolat yang resisten timbal dengan daya reduksi yang cukup tinggi 67.13%, 40.89%, dan 14.65%. Ketiga isolat berasal dari genus yang berbeda, meliputi Serratia, Proteus, dan Thiobacillus.

 

Kata kunci: bakteri indigenous, bioremediasi, dekontaminasi, timbal

 

ABSTRACT

 

Waste management by open dumping can have a negative impact on the environment. One of them is leachate, which is produced from the decomposition of waste due to precipitation of rainwater into the waste. Leachate can contain harmful substances such as heavy metals, one of which is lead (Pb), which is carcinogenic and can contaminate air, soil, plants, and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to manage leachate with the right method so as not to damage the environment, one of which is using bioremediation by utilizing native microorganisms from pollutant origins. This study aims to isolate and identify indigenous bacteria that can decontaminate lead (Pb) from Piyungan TPST. Bacteria were isolated from leachate using nutrient broth and nutrien agar medium which had been added with lead from Pb(NO3)2. The isolates obtained were then selected and screened to obtain the best lead-resistant isolates. The reduction power of lead concentration was measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Bacterial isolates also identified phenotopic characters in the form of cell morphology, colony morphology, and physiological characteristics to determine the type of bacteria. Based on the isolation and screening process, three lead-resistant isolates were obtained with relatively high reducibility of 67.13%, 40.89% and 14.65%. The third isolate came from a different genus, including Serratia, Thiobacillus, and Bacillus.

 

Keywords: indigenous bacteria, bioremediation, decontamination, lead


Keywords


bakteri indigenous; bioremediasi; dekontaminasi; timbal; indigenous bacteria; bioremediation; decontamination; lead

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jsal.2023.010.03.4

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