Karakterisasi dan Evalusasi Kinerja Ekstrak Tanin dari Daun Teh (Camellia sinensis L.) Terimobilisasi pada Lempung Aktif (Activated Clay) untuk Penyisihan Kromium Heksavalen

Luhur Akbar Devianto, Reynold Tantra Tan, Evi Kurniati, Fajri Anugroho

Abstract


ABSTRAK

 

Produksi teh di Indonesia mencapai 144.1 ton/tahun pada 2020, dengan asumsi sekitar 1-2% menjadi limbah, terdapat banyak limbah teh yang perlu digali pontensinya untuk dimanfaatkan. Teh memiliki kandungan senyawa-senyawa aktif, termasuk tanin. Tanin merupakan senyawa fenol yang dapat menyisihkan logam berat salah satunya kromium heksavalen. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat karakteristik tanin terimobilisasi pada lempung dan kinerjanya dalam penyisihan kromium heksavalen. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan variasi konsentrasi limbah artifisial 10, 40, 70, dan 100 ppm dengan variasi waktu kontak 15, 30, 60, 120, dan 180 menit dengan dosis 6 g.L-1. Dari hasil pengujian Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) menunjukkan bahwa partikel adsorben lempung aktif sesudah pengontakan cenderung lebih besar dibandingkan sebelum perlakuan karena adanya ikatan dengan unsur-unsur. Hasil experiment menunjukkan, efektivitas penyisihan tertinggi didapatkan pada konsentrasi 100 ppm dengan waktu kontak 180 menit yaitu 68.816 ppm dengan kapasitas penyerapan mencapai 1.147 mg.g-1. Sedangkan efisiensi penyisihan terbesar pada konsentrasi 10 ppm dengan waktu kontak 180 menit sebesar 99.271%. Model isoterm adsorpsi yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini adalah model isoterm Langmuir dan model kinetika adsorpsi mengikuti ordo pertama pada konsentrasi 70 dan 100 ppm dan ordo kedua pada konsentrasi 10 dan 40 ppm.

 

Kata kunci: adsorpsi, kromium heksavalen, tanah liat, tanin, teh

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Tea production in Indonesia reached 144.1 tons/year in 2020. Assuming that around 1–2% becomes waste, a significant amount of tea waste exists that has potential to be utilized. Tea is a commodity that contains active compounds, including tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds that can remove heavy metals, one of which is hexavalent chromium. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of immobilized tannins on clay and their performance in removing hexavalent chromium. The research was carried out experimentally using variations of artificial wastewater concentrations at 10, 40, 70, and 100 ppm, with contact times of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes, and a dosage of 6 g.L-1. Results from Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis showed that the size of the activated clay adsorbent particles after contact tended to be larger than before treatment due to bonding with certain elements. The results showed that the highest removal effectiveness was achieved at a concentration of 100 ppm with a contact time of 180 minutes, resulting in 68.816 ppm removed which equal to sorption capacity of 1.147 mg.g-1. Meanwhile, the highest removal efficiency was obtained at a concentration of 10 ppm with a contact time of 180 minutes, reaching 99.271%. The adsorption isotherm model that best fits this study is the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption kinetics followed a first-order model at concentrations of 70 and 100 ppm, and a second-order model at concentrations of 10 and 40 ppm.

 

Keywords:  adsorption, chromium hexavalent, clay, tannin, tea


Keywords


adsorpsi; kromium heksavalen; tanah liat; tanin; teh; adsorption; chromium hexavalent; clay; tannin; tea

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jsal.2025.012.01.7

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