Dampak Tenaga Air dan Bahan Bakar Fosil terhadap Implementasi Ekonomi Hijau di Indonesia

Siti Allifah, Yusman Syaukat, Pini Wijayanti

Abstract


ABSTRAK

 

Pertumbuhan ekonomi penting bagi masyarakat, tetapi jika kerusakan lingkungan seperti pencemaran udara dan emisi CO2yang terus meningkat maka justru akan merugikan masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, konsep green economy muncul untuk mencapai pembangunan berkelanjutan salah satunya melalui sektor energi, dimana pengembangan PLTA menjadi salah satu upayanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi pengaruh jangka pendek dan panjang produksi listrik dari PLTA serta konsumsi batu bara, gas alam, dan minyak bumi terhadap emisi CO2 di Indonesia dan mengevaluasi hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) dalam konteks energi baru terbarukan (EBT) Indonesia. Untuk menguji hal tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) dengan data sekunder dari tahun 2000-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi bahan bakar fosil akan meningkatkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) jangka pendek maupun panjang sementara peningkatan produksi listrik dari PLTA akan menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Hingga saat ini, Indonesia masih berada di posisi scale effect, artinya kerusakan lingkungan dengan indikator emisi CO2 terus meningkat akibat aktivitas perekonomian.

 

Kata kunci: bahan bakar fosil, emisi, ekonomi hijau, pembangunan berkelanjutan, PLTA

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Economic growth is important for society, but if environmental damage e.g., air pollution and CO2 emission continuously increases, rhen it but will harm cost society. In this case, the concept of a green economy appears to achieve sustainable development, one of which is through the energy sector. Hydropower development is one of the efforts in the green economy. The purpose of this study is to estimate the short- and long-term effects of electricity production from hydropower and the consumption of coal, natural gas, and oil on CO2 emissions in Indonesia and evaluate the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the context of Indonesia's new and renewable energy (EBT). To test this, this study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method with secondary data from 2000-2018. The results show that the consumption of fossil fuels will increase short and long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while increasing electricity production from hydropower will reduce environmental damage in Indonesia. Currently, Indonesia is still in a position of scale of effect, meaning that environmental damage with CO2 emission indicators continues to increase due to economic activity.

 

Keywords: fossil fuel, emission, green economy, sustainable development, hydropower

Keywords


bahan bakar fosil; emisi; ekonomi hijau; pembangunan berkelanjutan; PLTA; fossil fuel; emission; green economy; sustainable development; hydropower

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jsal.2022.009.03.3

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